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Todd Vagts Northwest IA Crop Update, August 20, 2001 In this issue
Rain and cooler temperatures Much of the area received very beneficial rains last week; an accumulation of one to two inches was very common. Moisture and the current cooler temperatures will greatly aid the crops as they continue towards maturity. The cooler temperatures are very welcome as it will slow crop development rate and potentially increase yield. Yield potential may be increased by allowing more time for the plant to mobilize sugars and nutrients into the grain, ultimately increasing individual kernel/seed size and weight. The slowed crop development, on the other hand, may allow more time for insect pests to take their bite out of yield potential. Second generation bean leaf beetles (soybeans) need to be scouted as well as alfalfa web worms (soybean and alfalfa). The rains will also help to alleviate concerns of nitrate problems in the corn. The corn plant (with the additional moisture) will mobilize the accumulated nitrates (lower stalk) to the leaves or developing grain where it will then be converted into amino acids. Crop Development Corn development has slowed over the last week due to the cool nights and moderate day temperatures. You will notice there is now a wider gap in accumulated GDD between the southern and northern counties when compared to the seven-day forecast. The forecasted temperature for the next seven days remains moderate. According to predicted accumulated GDD, the earliest planted corn in the southern counties of my area should be in full dent by the beginning of next week.Harvesting corn for silage is on the minds of many producers. Detailed information on harvesting corn for silage can be accessed at the following web site: http://www.uwex.edu/ces/crops/uwforage/Silage.htmEstimate your corn’s yield potential. For those wanting to get a head start on estimating potential corn grain yield, you can make some simple counts to get within a ballpark range of where it may be.Corn at the R2 or greater stage has most of the components determining potential yield, including number of ears per unit area, number of kernel rows and number of kernels per row. The one yield component yet to be determined is kernel weight, which is dependent on the environmental conditions between now and harvest. Use the following guide to make the estimation:
This formula uses estimation for final test weight (equivalent to 90,000 seeds/bu). Consequently, actual yields will be lower than the calculated yield estimate during years having poor field conditions during grain fill, and, conversely, actual yields may be higher during years with excellent conditions during grain fill. Insect Pests. The start of second generation Bean Leaf Beetle emergence in soybeans should be occurring now. If you scouted 1st generation BLB and you were over the treatment threshold ( 1st generation threshold for 2nd generation treatment) you should be out in the field looking for beetles and damage now. If you did not scout 1st generation beetles, use the thresholds in Table 1 to make management decisions. Most damage from 2nd generation BLB will be from feeding on the pod, look for this when scouting.Table 1. Bean leaf beetle economic thresholds in reproductive-stage soybeans.*
Last week I mentioned that the Soybean Aphid had progressed as far west as Webster County. Well, the westward movement continues as I and Jerry Chisek found a field with the aphid in eastern Calhoun County and the aphid was reported at the ISU research farm in B.V. County. I would not expect any yield problems from the aphid this year due to its late arrival, but I would expect that we will be finding this potentially damaging pest much earlier in soybeans next year. Look for the aphid on the underside of new soybean trifoliate leaves. Alfalfa Webworm (garden webworm) has been a problem in many alfalfa fields in Iowa and Nebraska. This is a very uncommon pest, but this year the numbers and damage are high enough to warrant scouting and possible treatment in many fields. Cutting the alfalfa may be the best control strategy for most fields. After cutting, keep a close eye on the field for continued injury from this pest. This week’s addition of ISU’s Integrated Crop Management newsletter has much more detailed information on the alfalfa webworm in IA. http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/2001/8-20-2001/webworms.htmlVisit this week’s addition of Integrated Crop Management for many other crop and insect management related issues in Iowa. http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/default.html
This page last updated on 02/03/04 IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COOPERATIVE EXTENSION Iowa State University and U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating Extension programs are available to all without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age or disability.
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