What would be a good soil mix for a raised bed? 
Raised bed soils should be light and well-drained. An excellent soil mix can be prepared by mixing equal parts topsoil, organic matter (well-rotted manure, compost, or peat), and coarse sand. 
 
Before filling raised beds, remove the grass sod (if present) and work up the existing soil with a rototiller or spade. Add a few inches of the soil mix, then incorporate it into the existing soil.  Continue to add and incorporate additional soil mix until the raised bed is filled. Incorporating the soil mix into the existing soil prevents the formation of distinct layers in the raised beds.  Distinct layers of soil impede water movement and discourage root growth. 

When can I plant cabbage seedlings in the garden? 
Cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower seedlings can be planted outdoors in early April in southern Iowa, mid-April in central portions of the state and late April in northern counties. Harden (acclimate) the seedlings in a protected location for a few days prior to planting outdoors.  Initially, place the seedlings in a shady location and gradually expose the plants to longer periods of sunlight. 

Cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower perform best in fertile, moist, well-drained soils. When planting, space transplants 24 inches apart within the row. Rows should be approximately 24 to 30 inches apart. 

When can I plant grapevines in my garden? 
The best time to plant dormant, bare-root grapevines in Iowa is early spring (late March and April). If planting must be delayed for several days after purchase or their arrival in the mail, moisten the packing material around their roots, place the plants in a plastic bag, and store them in a cool root cellar or garage. 
 
Before planting bare-root grapevines, soak their roots in water for two or three hours. Make the planting holes slightly larger than the root systems of the plants. Set plants into the soil at about the level they grew in the nursery. The soil line mark and root initials indicate this level. Spread out their roots, then backfill with the original soil from the hole. Firm the soil around the roots as you backfill. 
 
Container grown grapevines can occasionally be found at local garden centers. Actively growing container grown grapevines should be planted after the danger of frost is past. Home gardeners can continue to plant container grown grapevines until early summer. When planting, place the grapevines at the same depth as they are growing in the container. 

Plant grapevines 6 to 8 feet apart within the row. Plant vigorous varieties, such as Concord, 8 feet apart. Less vigorous varieties may be planted 6 feet apart. Space rows at least 9 feet apart. 

Grapevines require 1 inch of water per week through the first growing season. Water each plant thoroughly after planting and every 7 to 10 days during dry weather.

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