| H2S
Control for Animal Housing Systems with Liquid Manure - Diet Manipulation
An alternative to filtration of emissions, as they
leave housing facilities, is the reduction of the concentration
of precursors to emissions. These precursors are produced upon anaerobic
decomposition of the manure. Therefore, manipulation of livestock
diets to alter excretion composition, and thus emission potential,
may be effective in housing areas. Swine studies have identified
trends towards reducing hydrogen sulfide concentration by reducing
crude protein concentration and mineral sources that contain sulfur.
For example, calcium oxide instead of calcium sulfate should be
used, where possible, to reduce sulfur content in excretions. Nonetheless,
research to quantify reductions is limited. However, some results
suggest a reduction of as much as 40 percent in hydrogen sulfide
concentration when pigs are fed only the required amount of sulfur.
Long-term storage effects on hydrogen sulfide emissions from manure
are not currently available.
Producers also need to consider the sulfur content
of the water supply. In some regions, water consumption means considerable
sulfur intake by animals. To avoid overfeeding of sulfur, test the
water supply and subtract the mass of sulfur consumed via water
intake from the total daily sulfur needs. Excess sulfur will ultimately
be excreted. Dietary manipulation can reduce manure sulfur content
not only prior to excretion but also during manure storage, when
anaerobic decomposition is taking place and reduced sulfur compounds
are being formed. A limited amount of research is currently available
to indicate which diet regimens or ingredients lead to the reduction
of hydrogen sulfide.
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