H2S Control
for Animal Housing Systems with Dry Manure - Filtration and Biofiltration
| Pro |
Con |
| Traps multiple gases and odor |
Needs good maintenance to operate properly |
| Versatile for mechanically ventilated operations |
Potential to have a limited life effectiveness |
Filters function by trapping particles and
emissions. Biofilters not only trap emissions but also provide
an environment for aerobic biological degradation of trapped
compounds. Biofilters have been developed to reduce emissions
from deep-pit manure ventilation exhaust, and, to a lesser extent,
from the building exhaust. Although mechanical filtration may
be costly, biofiltration can be a low-cost means of effectively
reducing exhaust odors. Biofiltration costs for a 700-head farrow-to-wean
swine facility are estimated at $0.25 per piglet, amortized over
a 3-year life of the biofilter. Hydrogen sulfide reductions at
that operation exceeded 90 percent, and similar reductions occur
in odor (90 percent) and ammonia emissions (74 percent). Similar
hydrogen sulfide and odor reductions were observed using biofiltration
on a dairy facility. Because of the dust generated in the building,
biofilter performance on a poultry facility was poorer (< 40
percent hydrogen sulfide and odor reduction).
Biofilters must be designed to provide suitable conditions for
the growth of a mixture of aerobic bacteria within the biofilter.
These bacteria will degrade the odorous compounds to less odorous
end products. Oxygen concentration, temperature, residence time,
and moisture content are among the parameters that must be considered
when building a biofilter. Although management must be taken into
consideration, it is clear that low-cost biofiltration systems
($150-200 per 1,000 cfm of air treated) can be implemented in livestock
housing facilities using mechanical ventilation.
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