Ammonia Emission Control for Liquid
Manure Storage Practices -
Manure Additives
| Pro |
Con |
Little or no engineering needed |
Highly variable effectiveness |
| Many options to choose from |
Manufacturer stability |
Additives to control ammonia emissions predominantly function
by either binding ammonia or by inhibiting urease, the enzyme that
breaks urea down to ammonia. Two inhibitors, thiophosphoric triamide
and cyclohexylphosphoric triamide, restrained the production of
ureas following application to cattle feedlot pens (0.32 oz. per
pound of manure). Similarly, weekly additions of phenyl phosphorodiamidate
to cattle and swine slurries prevented the urea from being hydrolyzed
up to 70 and 92 percent, respectively. Because urease occurs widely
in nature, the inhibitor must be applied routinely to prevent future
emissions. Routine application, however, may pose problems once
the manure is land-applied, unless plants can quickly use the nitrogen.
Urease inhibitors are not widely available commercially, and the
above mentioned compounds are chemical rather than products. However,
one product, manufactured by Agrotain, is distributed throughout
the United States .
Mineral and chemical amendments have been used to reduce ammonia
emissions from animal manures. Phosphates and gypsum reduced ammonia
losses from dairy manure storage by 28 and 14 percent, respectively.
Triple superphosphate, superphosphate, calcium chloride, and gypsum
treatments reduced ammonia losses by 33,24,13 and 8 percent, respectively,
when surface-applied to dairy manure. All additives involve the
cost of the products themselves and the application equipment associated
with them. Continuous application is likely needed in manure storage
whereas a single application of the additive may suffice during
manure application if the manure is then incorporated. Extension Publications
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